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Golf FAQ's
What Is the Lowest 18-Hole Golf Score Ever Recorded?
What we can say with certainty is that no round of 54 has ever been recorded in golf ... but that a round of 55 has been recorded. There are also at least one instance each of a 56 and a 57 (it's possible there have been other 56s and 57s for which I haven't found a record).
Who is the Youngest Golfer to Win a Major Championship?
Considering both men's and women's major championships, Young Tom Morris is the youngest major winner, and Morgan Pressel is the youngest in the "modern era" (post-1900).
Here are the recordholders for both men's and women's golf:
Youngest Men's Major Champion
- Pre-1900: Young Tom Morris, 17 years old, 1868 British Open
- Post-1900: Johnny McDermott, 19 years, 10 months old when he won the 1911 U.S. Open
Youngest Women's Major Champion
- Morgan Pressel, 18 years, 10 months, 9 days old when she won the 2007 Kraft Nabisco Championship
Who Was the Last Amateur to Win on the PGA Tour, European Tour and LPGA Tour?
Most Recent Amateur Winners on PGA Tour
- Phil Mickelson, 1991 Northern Telecom Open
- Scott Verplank, 1985 Western Open
- Doug Sanders, 1956 Canadian Open
- Gene Littler, 1954 San Diego Open
Amateur Winners on LPGA Tour
- JoAnne Carner, 1969 Burdine's Invitational
- Catherine Lacoste, 1967 U.S. Women's Open
- Pat O'Sullivan, 1951 Titleholders Championship
- Polly Riley, 1950 Tampa Open
Amateur Stacy Lewis won the 2007 LPGA NW Arkansas Championship, but the tournament was shortened to 18 holes by rain and dangerous course conditions and so is not counted as an official LPGA Tour victory.
(Note: These are the only amateurs to win on the LPGA)
Amateur Winners on the European Tour
- Pablo Martin-Benavides, 2007 Estoril Portuguese Open
(Note: Martin is the only amateur to win on the Euro Tour)
How are Steel Shafts Made?
There are two primary ways to manufacture steel golf shafts. One is called "seemless" construction; the other is "welded tube" construction.
A seamless steel shaft starts life as a large cylinder of solid steel. The cylinder is heated and pierced with a special machine, turning the solid steel log into a large, thick-walled tube. Over a series of stretching operations on very specialized machines called draw benches, the large, thick tube is gradually reduced in diameter and wall thickness to become a thin-walled steel tube five-eighths of an inch in diameter. These shaft "blanks," as they are called, are then subjected to a series of squeezing operations that form the individual sections of diameter reduction called the "step-downs" on the shaft.
A welded tube construction steel shaft begins as a flat strip of steel that is coiled and welded into a tube.
The welding procedure is quite different than what most people are used to seeing. Through what is called high-frequency welding, the two ends of the coiled strip are literally fused together without the presence of a second, different material as in the case of most welding. A special machine then removes the excess metal from the outside and inside of the welded tube in a procedure called "skiving." Once formed, the tube is stretched down to the required 5/8-inch outer diameter in the same procedures used in the forming of the seamless steel shaft, with the step-downs formed in the same manner as well.
Once formed into the step pattern dictated by each individual shaft design, the raw steel shafts are heat treated, straightened and then nickel-chrome electroplated to prevent rusting.
What is COR?
"COR" is an acronym for "coefficient of restitution." Coefficient of restitution is a measurement of the energy loss or retention when two objects collide. The COR measurement is always expressed as a number between 0.000 (meaning all energy is lost in the collision) and 1.000 (which means a perfect, elastic collision in which all energy is transferred from one object to the other).
An example of a COR of 0.000 would be one piece of very sticky chewing gum colliding with another similar piece. In such a collision, the two pieces of gum would stick together and not move forward, thus indicating that all of the energy of the impact was absorbed and lost. The closest example in the sports world to a COR of 1.000 would be in pool or billiards, when the cue ball collides squarely with a target ball of the same size and weight (mass).
When the cue ball hits the target ball, the cue ball stops dead and the target ball takes off at almost the same, exact speed that the cue ball had when it made contact with the target ball. This indicates that virtually all of the energy of the cue ball was transferred to the target ball to propel it onward.
It is impossible for the collision of the golf club and golf ball to produce a perfectly elastic collision (COR of 1.000) in which all energy is transferred, for two reasons:
- The clubface and the ball are made from completely different materials.
- The clubhead and the ball are of two totally different weights, or masses.
The current USGA rule limiting the coefficient of restitution of a clubhead states that the COR cannot be higher than a measurement of 0.830. This means that when the clubhead impacts the ball, there cannot be more than an 83-percent transfer of the energy of the head to the ball.
To give a frame of reference for performance, with a driver the difference in carry distance between a head with a COR of 0.820 and another head with a COR of 0.830 would be 4.2 yards for a swing speed of 100 mph. It is true that as swing speed increases, the distance difference is greater. And likewise, as swing speed decreases the distance difference for each increment of the COR measurement is less. This is one of the reasons why the USGA rule which limits the COR of a clubhead has the effect of penalizing the slower swing speed golfer much more than the high swing speed player.